The Link Between OCD and Bipolar Disorder

The Link Between OCD and Bipolar Disorder OCD Related Conditions Print The Link Between OCD and Bipolar Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 08, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights South_agency/E/Getty images Clinical research suggests that OCD and bipolar disorder co-occur with each other at a higher rate than would be expected by chance. Importantly, the presence of bipolar disorder can affect OCD symptoms and treatment. Let’s explore the link between OCD and bipolar disorder. What Is Bipolar Disorder? Before discussing the link between bipolar disorder and OCD, it may be helpful to first describe the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness where the affected person experiences one or more manic or mixed episodes; however, most people with bipolar disorder have also had one or more ?episodes of depression. Mania is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least one week. A manic episode is usually accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosityA dramatic decrease in the need for sleepFeeling more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talkingRacing thoughtsFeeling extremely distracted and unable to focusIncrease in goal-directed activity (often of a social, professional or sexual nature)Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences, such as spending sprees, sexual indiscretions, or impulsive investments To be diagnosed as a manic episode, these symptoms have to be severe enough to cause major disruption at work or at home. In addition, a manic episode often requires that the person goes to the hospital for treatment. It is not uncommon for people with mania to show features of psychosis, such as delusions. Currently, there are four subtypes of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Bipolar I is the most severe form and usually requires hospitalizationBipolar II has similar symptoms, but the mania is not as severe; however, people affected by bipolar II often experience severe depressionCyclothymia is an illness in which the person fluctuates rapidly between periods of hypomania and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to meet criteria for a Major Depressive EpisodeThe Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified category includes disorders with bipolar features that do not meet the criteria for the specific bipolar disorders OCD and Bipolar Disorder Research has established a strong link between bipolar disorder and OCD. It has been estimated that between 10 percent to 35 percent of people with bipolar disorder also have OCD, with most reporting that their OCD symptoms started first. Indeed, OCD is thought to be the most frequently occurring anxiety disorder among people with bipolar disorder. Interestingly, one analysis found that OCD occurs with bipolar disorder at a much higher rate than the major depressive disorder. This study found that people with bipolar disorder are between two and five times more likely to have OCD than people with major depressive disorder. In general, people who are affected by both bipolar disorder and OCD seem to have very high rates of other forms of mental illness; in particular, panic disorder as well as impulse control disorders.?? Although there is not one particular gene that links OCD and bipolar disorder, there is increasing evidence that these two disorders may share some genes. Behaviorally, both people with bipolar disorder and people with OCD show a decrease in specific types of verbal memory.?? Implications for Treatment When bipolar disorder and OCD occur together, the symptoms of bipolar disorder tend to be much worse and more difficult to treat than bipolar conditions that occur without OCD. People with both OCD and bipolar disorder also tend to show more frequent use and abuse of substances such as drugs and alcohol. Substance use often complicates treatment and usually predicts worse outcomes. There is also some evidence that when OCD occurs with bipolar disorder, there are fewer checking compulsions but more obsessions related to religious and sexual themes. It is important to note that OCD in the presence of bipolar disorder may require the use of different treatment strategies, as many of the antidepressants that are commonly used to treat OCD can sometimes exacerbate or even cause symptoms of mania or hypomania. Also, when OCD and bipolar disorder co-occur, it has been suggested that treatment of bipolar disorder symptoms takes priority owing to their potentially destructive and harmful nature.

Dependent Personality Disorder ( Disney ) - 1948 Words

Dependency is something one can consider that the human race requires naturally. When comparing dependency and mental illness we have to be aware of such extreme forms of dependency. Dependent Personality Disorder is the diagnosis of this extreme dependency. Individuals with this disorder can be seen as â€Å"clingy† or â€Å"needy†. The fear of being alone and the need of assurance plague individuals with this disorder. Due to lack of individual initiative advances individuals with this disorder may not prevail in the workplace or educational settings. This paper details dependent personality disorder, its historical roots, symptoms and treatments proposed to treat such disorder. History of DPD The history of dependent personality disorder is often classified as starting in the oral stage in Freud’s stage of development as a â€Å"manifestation of dysfunction† (Disney, 2013). DPD in the DSM has evolved from several versions. The premier DSM did not distinctly categorize dependent personality disorder. The disorder was subtype of a passive aggressive personality (Disney, 2013). Published in 1968, The DSM –II no mention of a dependency disorder was proposed individually. In hysterical personality, the suggestion of DPD was found in the description. As in previous DSM, the passive aggressive personality touched further into extreme dependency (Disney, 2013). Published in 1980, The DSM-III was the first to list Dependent Personality Disorder as a separate disorder and. Criteria included â€Å"Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Gender And Sex Role Orientation On Attitudes Toward Dependent Personality Disorder2700 Words   |  11 PagesOrientation on Attitudes Toward Dependent Personality Disorder Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a passive need for reassurance, direction, and support. Those with DPD typically view themselves as helpless and weak and others as competent and strong (Disney, 2013). 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`` Six Amendments How And Why We Should Change The...

John Paul Stevens’ book, Six Amendments: How and Why We Should Change the Constitution, advocates the concept of self-governance which, in his perspective, has been poorly compromised by recent Supreme Court rulings. At the age of ninety-four, Stevens criticizes these modern court opinions and advises that we push for amendments to overturn these misguided court decisions. The six subjects of controversy that Stevens has proposed remedies for are the anti commandeering rule, political gerrymandering, campaign finances, sovereign immunity, death penalty, and gun control. These claims are supported with both historical evidence as well as his own personal perspective on court rulings that he has participated in during his 35 years as a†¦show more content†¦This â€Å"anti-commandeering† rule states that Congress does not have the power to pass laws that require state officials to implement or enforce federal laws. Stevens dissented, stating that the logic behind the ruling was inconsistent with the supremacy clause of the constitution. This challenge against the federal authority had no clear footing since there is no principle within the Constitution stating that the federal courts cannot commandeer states. In addition, this practice has also already been settled for over a century where state courts were frequently commandeered to carry out federal policies and laws such as during the New Deal. The anti-commandeering rule also proved to be dangerous as it may threaten the nation’s ability to respond effectively during times of external invasion or natural disasters. â€Å"It also impairs the the efficient administration of ordinary federal programs† (15). The anti-commandeering rule brings back the separate spheres of powers seen in dual federalism. However, in an era where cooperative federalism has been established for decades, the anti-commandeering rule becomes illogical. Stevens suggests that adding the four words †Å"and other public officials† to the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the Constitution would resolve this issue. The subject of sovereign immunity also challenges federalism, the idea that the government cannot be sued without its consent. This is an

Begin with God Free Essays

The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, your dreams, ambition, and even your happiness. To know why you are on this planet, you need to start with God, because you were born by HIS purpose and for HIS purpose. For instance, ‘you bought equipment, without the manual you may never know how to operate but guess. We will write a custom essay sample on Begin with God or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s only the creator or the owner of the equipment that could reveal its purpose and how it works (may be through a manual) In the same way, you cannot arrive at your life’s purpose by starting with a focus on yourself; you must begin with God, your creator. It is only in God that you discover your origin, your identity, your meaning, your purpose, your significance and your destiny. Proverbs 11:28 Colossians 1 : 16 ‘for everything, absolutely everything, above and below, visible and invisible, everything got started in him and finds its purpose in him’ Have you ever ask yourself the following: What do I want to be? What should I do with my life? What are my goals, my ambitions, and my dreams for my future? The above questions are focused self centered, rather the question should be. ‘What is the purpose of God for my life?’ Romans 8:6 ‘obsession with self in these matters is a dead end, attention to God leads us out into the open, into a spacious free life’ Job 12: 10 ‘It is God who directs the lives of his creatures; everyone’s life is in his power’ You could reach your personal goals, become a raving success by the world’s standard and still miss the purpose for which God created you. Discovering Purpose is about becoming what God created you to be. How to Discover Purpose a.By Speculation: (guess, theorize, conjecture etc) some people made up a purpose for life; others were honest enough to say they were clueless b.By Revelation: the easiest and the only way to discover purpose is to ask the creator of it (Ask God) because God has not left us in the dark to wonder and guess. HE has revealed five purposes for our lives through the bible (i.e. Owner’s manual) 1 Corinthians 2 : 7 ‘God’s wisdom goes deep into the interior of his purposes, it’s not the latest message, but more like the oldest, what God determined as the way to bring out his best in us’ God is not just the starting point but the source of it, so to discover purpose we must turn to God’s word and build our lives on eternal truth. Ephesians 1:11 ‘It is in Christ that we find out who we are and what we are living for. Long before we first heard of Christ and got our hopes up, he had his eye on us, had designs on us for glorious living, part of the overall purpose he is working out in everything and everyone’ 1.Through relationship with God 2.Turn to God’s word to find out who you are and what you are living for 3.God knew us even before you were born and had designed/shaped purpose for your life, HE planned your existence, which predates your existence, without your input 4.Live a glorious life that will glorify HIS name 5.The purpose of your life fits into a much larger purpose that God has designed for eternity Jeremiah 17: 7 – 8 How to cite Begin with God, Papers

Elements of Medieval Music Essay Example For Students

Elements of Medieval Music Essay It was until the 1 lath century that these ensues ere aligned according to the pitches to be sung in a one-line or two-line staff as reference of a fixed pitch. Then, in the 13th and 14th centuries as more lines were added to the staff, the Gregorian Chant was written down in termagant and movable clefs were placed at the beginning of the manuscripts (Bonds, 32 and 34). This is a practice that still persists in classical music to save its integrity and provides a primary source for performers. Another important point about ensues is that Surrealism tries to incorporate this concept in its notation: lines that represent events placed on a staff or no staff as well. The Surrealism, mostly performed by electronics devices, has more complex notation but it is clear that the changing pitch is depicted in a single line that goes up and down. The next two illustrations show excerpts of these notations: Left, anonymous Alleluia (Neumann); Right, Culmination by Inanest Logistics. Text Setting In the Middle Ages, music was under the patronage and, consequently, control of the Catholic Church, then its fiction was to project the message of God based on religious texts, more important the text than the music. In order to send Gods words o the congregation with no disturbance, the Church stipulated three ways to set the TEX: syllabic, intimate, and melodramatic. Syllabic, as it sounds, happens when a syllable has one note; intimate, instead, a single syllable has between two or six notes; whereas melodramatic each syllable is sung to many notes (more than six notes) (Bonds, 37-38). Each category of this element of Medieval music is still prevailing nowadays. Many songs, for example, are sung syllabicate because it is a effective manner to help the audience catch the melody and text easily. The Beetles has many compositions redundantly syllabic, for instance, ministered (Hinterland). For the intimate and melodramatic are usually mixed to provide a more significant interpretation of a piece, for example, to overstate a sorrow or express a melancholy; Gospel is a good reference of these two practices, or blues as well. The singer Whitney Houston embellishes the piece l Will Always Love You by adding many note for one syllable (this example is predominantly melodramatic) (Hinterland). Modes A mode provides a particular range to any melody. Every mode has its own Elements of Medieval Music on the 21 SST century By incantation whole and half steps. They are Dorian, Praying, Lydia, and Myocardial. This intervocalic organization of tones framed the scale as we now know, and also gave a sense of tonality. The modes were named after Greek places where a range of tones was particularly designated to interpret music; however, the intervocalic relationship were not related. Nowadays, modes are widely used in Jazz improvisation, film music, and many other genres. Dorian is basically a natural minor scale but with the raised 6th scale degree; Michael Jackson Thriller and A Here With No Name by America are in Dorian mode. Physician has more Oriental sound because of the half step between the ionic and the 2nd scale degree; James Bond Theme (From Dry.

Fobe free essay sample

Description For details of this unit contact the Faculty of Business and Economics. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals. Recognize the features and implications Of common financial contracts. Compare and contrast different employment structures. Task Weight Due Date Linked Learning Outcomes Graduate Capabilities Brief Description See timetable in learn Tasks set for students A case study covering material in Modules 3 See course A series of online multiple choice quizzes Due Date: See timetable in learn Weight: 10% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the students responsibility to have available and accessible to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students technology, the students internet provider or the students internet connectivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Fobe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S benison Submission is online. Module 1 assignment due by mid-night 1 lath March 2013. Module 2 assignment due by mid-night 25th March 2013. Extension No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted their assignment prior to the due date will be awarded a mark of O for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for special consideration s made and approved. Penalties See extension. What is required to complete the unit satisfactorily In order to pass this subject, students m just pass the case study, which enables them to deem nonstarter their scum elated and integrated understanding of the unit m eternal. If perform once in the case study does not deem nonstarter this level of achieved .NET, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform once in the quizzes and the assigns nets. Case study Weight: the students technology, the students internet provider or the students Submission Subs session is on-line. C ease Study answer due by m id-night 20th May 2013. Age 5 of 13 No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted the case study prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of O, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is m dad and approved. See extension What is required to com plate the unit satisfactorily. Due Date: See course timetable in learn weight: Subs session is on line. Module quiz 1 on the 8th Apri l 2013 Q 2 on the 29th April 2013 Q quiz 3 on the 6th May 2013 Q quiz 4 on the 20th May 2013 Module on the 3rd June 201 3 Module 5:Q quiz on the 7th June 2013 No extensions will be granted. Students who have not attempted a quiz prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of O, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is m demand approved. What is required to complete the unit satisfactorily? Page 6 of 13 Modules 1 . Goals (anticipated student workload 4 hours) Online presentation of content Online discussion Reading/website reference Set your own goals Individually written discussion 2. Budgets (anticipated student workload 5 hours) Your Money ASIA resource and associated activities Complete, explain submit your own budget 3. Investments (anticipated student workload 50 hours) Basic Principles Interest calculations Tax Overview of Financial Scams Overview of investment options Overview of debt management Oven. IEEE of Superannuation Asset protection issues Complete on line tests 4. Common Contracts (anticipated student workload 20 hours) Introduction Overview of common contracts Online Test 5. Employment Structures (anticipated student workload 12 hours) Overview of common employment structures Again, please note: it is the students responsibility to have available or access! O the technology to access the material and to complete the assigned tasks.

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe Its fun and easy to make your own snow globe using water and snow made from glitter or crushed egg shells, but you can use chemistry to make crystal snow that looks a lot more like the real thing. Snow is made from crystals of water. In this project, you precipitate crystals of benzoic acid, which has the advantage of not melting at room temperature. Heres how you make the snow globe: Snow Globe Materials baby food jar or ointment jar (~4 oz)1 g benzoic acidwaterbeaker or pyrex measuring cuphot plate or microwave or coffee makerstirring rod or spoonhot glue gundecoration to glue to the bottom of the snow globe, like a small plastic toyforceps or tweezerselectrical tape (optional) Assemble the Snow Globe There are a couple of ways to do this. There is my do-it-at-home method and then what you might want to do in a lab. Lets start with the lab instructions...In a 250 ml flask, stir 1 g benzoic acid into 75 ml of water.Heat the solution to dissolve the benzoic acid. You do not need to boil the water.Alternatively, you can measure 75 ml (5 tablespoons) of water that you heated in a microwave or coffee maker. Dissolve the benzoic acid in the hot water.Put down a bead of hot glue on the inside of the jar lid (or you can put it on the bottom of a clean, dry jar if you dont plan to invert the sealed jar).Use tweezers or forceps to position your decoration in the glue.While the glue is cooling, take a look at your benzoic acid solution. As it approaches room temperature, the benzoic acid will precipitate out of solution to form snow. The rate of cooling affects the snow. Slow cooling produces fine crystals. Quick cooling produces something more like snowballs than snowflakes.Pour the room-te mperature benzoic acid solution into the glass jar. Fill the jar as full as possible with water. Air pockets will cause the benzoic acid to form clumps.Put the lid on the jar. If desired, seal the jar with hot glue or electrical tape.Gently shake the jar to see the pretty snow! How the Snow Works Benzoic acid doesnt readily dissolve in room temperature water, but if you heat the water the solubility of the molecule is increased (similar to dissolving sugar in water to make rock candy). Cooling the solution causes the benzoic acid to precipitate back into solid form. Slow cooling of the solution allows the benzoic acid to form prettier, more snow-like flakes than if you had simply mixed benzoic acid powder with water. The cooling rate of water into ice affects how real snow appears, too. Safety Tips Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in food, so as chemicals go it is pretty safe. However, pure benzoic acid can be very irritating to skin and mucous membranes (heres an MSDS for you). Also, it can be toxic if large quantities are ingested. So... wear gloves and eye protection when preparing your solution. Excess solution can be washed down the drain (can neutralize it with baking soda first if you like). I wouldnt recommend this project for very young children. It should be fine for grade school kids with adult supervision. Its mainly intended as a fun project for teens and adults. The snow globe is not a toy- you dont want young children taking it apart and drinking the solution.